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Fatima Perwaiz

An aspiring data science professional (Google Data Analytics Certified) and mixed-method experiment designer, seeking full-time roles in statistical modeling, user research, and data analytics.

Statistical Modeling with Machine Learning

Correlating Night-Time Driving and Road Fatalities in the USA

While all traffic fatalities are a source of accidents, night fatalities are more concerning as there is low visibility and a higher chance of drivers being drunk. Research shows that because of lesser visibility, drivers are more likely to collide with pedestrians or cyclists, whereas, in the case of drunk driving, drivers get into more fatal collisions with other vehicles (Owens & Sivak, 1996). Regarding night driving, the driver's expertise plays an essential role which is correlated to the driver's age. Generally, an experienced driver is more likely to be better at avoiding a fatality than an amateur one (Wood, 2020). Moreover, given the significant impact of alcohol consumption on fatalities, it seems plausible for the minimum drinking age in a state to significantly impact the number of night fatalities.
PhysLab •

Universal Chaos in an Inductor, Resistor, and Diode Circuit

By employing different data-acquisition techniques such as time-series plots, phase portraits, Poincare sections, spectral density plots, and bifurcation diagrams, we aim to observe the varying periods of the voltage signal across the resistor. Each of these plots attempts to present a clear picture of bifurcation—the point where period-doubling takes place. We want to be able to distinguish higher-order periods such as 8T from chaos via these plots. The circuit comprising a resistor, inductor, and a nonlinear diode undergoes a universal route while transitioning from successive period doubling stages to chaos and back to periodic behavior. We also implement a method of automating the acquisition of a bifurcation diagram.

Ed. Tech Research Projects and Conferences

ATMAE Conference - Exploring the interaction between what we learn and how we learn– Retrieval Practice vs. Productive Failure Learning

In this study, we compared two learning strategies, retrieval practice, and productive failure to ascertain if there is any interaction between the implemented learning strategy and the learning objectives: retention (memory) and problem-solving (transfer). The study employed a within-subject, crossover design, with sixty physics undergraduate students who were randomly assigned to one of the two learning strategies and provided with similar learning materials.

IEEE Conference - Middle School Teachers’ Instructional Practices Using integrated STEM

STEM fields are considered the building blocks toward the United States’ leadership position in the world; however, the current STEM pipeline problem can pose a serious challenge to it. Considering integrated STEM (iSTEM) as an instructional strategy that could help increase students' interest in STEM education, this study explored middle school teachers’ conceptualization of iSTEM and their instructional practices around iSTEM in classrooms. Four middle school STEM teachers from different schools and districts in a mid-west state took part in the study. An instrumental case study, utilizing a phenomenographic lens, was used to explore the research question guiding this work. Data were collected and analyzed using qualitative research strategies. Five core themes (conceptual learning, reflection, teacher engagement, student engagement, and context set-up) emerged from the data. Findings from this study revealed that while teachers conceptualize iSTEM as the integration of interdisciplinary concepts and knowledge to situate problems in the real-world context, students are more inclined to learn STEM concepts by actively engaging in hands-on iSTEM activities.

AAPT Conference - How Effective is Productive Failure Learning in Physics Education

The study investigates the effectiveness of productive failure learning in physics education. Around 100 future elementary school teachers, enrolled in an undergraduate physics course, participated in the study. They were randomly assigned to one of the three conditions: a) well-structured followed by well-structured problems, b) ill-structured followed by well-structured problems, and c) ill-structured followed by ill-structured problems. The hypothesis for the study is that the second group with a contrasting-case design will outperform those with a noncontrasting-case design. This is because it has both the essential ingredients of productive failure learning: discovery learning via ill-structured problems and direct instruction via well-structured problems. After solving the problems in their respective conditions, all the participants took a post-test that comprised both ill-structured and well-structured problems. Their scores in the final test will be analyzed using a one-way ANOVA test, while their solutions will be evaluated via qualitative coding to determine which condition is more effective at activating expert-like skills in learners.

Personal Projects

Spectra Magazine •

‘Vaccines Don’t Save Lives, Vaccination Does’: An Interview with Dr Faheem Younus

Written by Fatima Perwaiz Khan

With the increasing rate of vaccination and the lowering number of infections, it seems that the COVID-19 storm might come under control soon. But there are other concerns such as the rise of variant strains, the aftermath of the pandemic, or the upcoming pandemics that the world needs to prepare for. Are the scientific community and political leaders of the world ready to explore and understand the causes and consequences of some of the worst possible crises?

Spectra, in a quest to answer some
Taimoor Salahuddin aka Mooroo •

Sex vs Gender | Mooroo Ke Khyalaat | جنس اورصنف

Co Written by
Fatima Perwaiz Khan
https://instagram.com/fatimaperwaizkhan

Assembled by
Bilal Saagar

Special Thanks to
Hassan Javed

Javed Ahmed Ghamidi's Lecture on Surat-un-Nisa:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GBOv83LVMeI

Bibliography:-
[1] http://sfonline.barnard.edu/neurogenderings/eight-things-you-need-to-know-about-sex-gender-brains-and-behavior-a-guide-for-academics-journalists-parents-gender-diversity-advocates-social-justice-warriors-tweeters-facebookers-and-ever/
[2] https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2019.00173/full
[3] https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2002/11/25/what-comes-naturally-2
[4] https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/rationalism-empiricism/#:~:text=Empiricism,-First%20published%20Thu&text=Rationalists%20claim%20that%20there%20are,all%20our%20concepts%20and%20knowledge.
[5] https://quillette.com/2019/11/30/is-gender-a-social-construct/
[6] https://www.apa.org/pi/lgbt/resources/sexuality-definitions.pdf
[7] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6677266/
[8] https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yfrne.2011.02.007
[9] https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326360418_Firm_father_figures_A_moderated_mediation_model_of_perceived_authoritarianism_and_the_intergenerational_transmission_of_gender_messages_from_fathers_to_sons
[10] https://www.researchgate.net/publication/51451830_Exploring_Parent-Adolescent_Communication_About_Gender_Results_from_Adolescent_and_Emerging_Adult_Samples
[11] https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1557988317733093

Additional Details
[4] The empirical basis for hypothesizing that gonadal hormones influence gender identity and sexual orientation is based on animal experiments involving manipulations of hormones during prenatal and early neonatal development. It is accepted dogma that testes develop from the embryonic gonad under the influence of a cascade of genes that begins with the expression of the sex-determining gene SRY on the Y chromosome (4,5). Before this time, the embryonic gonad is "indifferent," meaning that it has the potential to develop into either a testis or an ovary. Likewise, the early embryo has two systems of ducts associated with urogenital differentiation, Wolffian and Müllerian ducts, which are capable of developing into the male and female tubular reproductive tracts, respectively. Once the testes develop, they begin producing two hormones, testosterone and antiMüllerian hormone, or AMH. In rats this occurs around day 16 to 17 of gestation, while in humans it occurs at about 7 to 8 weeks of gestation (6). Testosterone and one of its derivatives, dihydrotestosterone, induce differentiation of other organs in the male reproductive system, while AMH causes the degeneration of the Müllerian ducts. Female ovaries develop under the influence of a competing set of genes that are influenced by expression of DAX1 on the X chromosome and act antagonistically to SRY. The female reproductive tract in the embryo develops in absence of androgens and later matures under the influence hormones produced by the ovary, in particular estradiol.

The Complete Guide to Writing a Report for a Scientific Experiment

A common misconception among many students is that by opting for humanities, one is spared of mathematics and by choosing sciences, one is freed from the need to write. While the former might be true in some rare instances, the latter is an absolute myth. From writing research papers, experimental reports, grants, and research proposals to authoring books, scientists encounter several instances where they need to execute profound writing skills.

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